Wednesday, February 1, 2012

TREATY OF PEACE


From ; Elizabeth L Gaskins
Cherokee Shawnee Republic of America
" Tsa-la-gi-hi A-ye-li"
In August 1814, the Red Sticks Wetumpka
Gaskins Settlement, Etowahchutke Tribe Florida
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McIntosh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Territories_1850.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opothleyahola
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Indian_Springs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_old_field
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida
http://www.petition2congress.com/5599/etowahchutke-tribe-florida-allotments-native-american-burial-grou/
The United States and Spain were at odds over Florida after the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolutionary War and returned East and West Florida to Spanish control. The United States disputed the boundaries of West Florida (which had been established while the territory was under British control) and accused the Spanish authorities of failing to restrain the Native Americans living in Florida from raiding into the United States, and harboring runaway slaves. Starting in 1810 the United States occupied and annexed parts of West Florida. In 1817 Andrew Jackson led an invasion of the Floridas, an incident known as the First Seminole War. The United States subsequently acquired Florida from Spain via the Adams-Onís Treaty and took possession in 1821. Now that Florida belonged to the United States, the Seminoles were again a problem for the government. In 1823 the government negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek with the Seminoles, establishing a reservation for them in the middle of the state. Six chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their villages along the Apalachicola River.[8]The Treaty of Moultrie Creek was an agreement signed in 1823 between the government of the United States and several chiefs of the Seminole Indians in the present-day state of Florida. The United States had acquired Florida from Spain in 1821 by means of the Adams-Onís Treaty. In 1823 the government decided to settle the Seminoles on a reservation in the central part of the territory. A meeting to negotiate a treaty was scheduled for early September 1823 at Moultrie Creek, south of St. Augustine. About 425 Seminoles attended the meeting, choosing Neamathla, a prominent Mikasuki chief, to be their chief representative. Under the terms of the treaty negotiated there, the Seminoles were forced to place themselves under the protection of the exchange for a reservation of about four million acres (16,000 km²).
The reservation would run down the middle of the Florida
contact with traders from Cuba and the Bahamas. Neamathla and five other chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their villages along the Apalachicola River.
In August 1814, the Red Sticks surrendered to Jackson at Wetumpka (near the present city of Montgomery, Alabama). On August 9, 1814, the Muscogee nation was forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson. It ended the war and required the tribe to cede some 20 million acres (81,000 km²) of land— more than half of their ancestral territorial holdings— to the United States. Even those who had fought alongside Jackson were compelled to cede land, since Jackson held them responsible for allowing the Red Sticks to revolt. The state of Alabama was created largely from the Red Sticks' domain and was admitted to the United States in 1819.
 
 
Under the Treaty of Moultrie Creek, the United States government was obligated to protect the Seminoles as long as they remained peaceful and law-abiding. The government was supposed to distribute farm implements, cattle and hogs to the Seminoles, compensate them for travel and losses involved in relocating to the reservation, and provide rations for a year, until the Seminoles could plant and harvest new crops. The government was also supposed to pay the tribe US$5,000 a year for twenty years, and provide an interpreter, a school and a blacksmith for the same twenty years. In turn, the Seminoles had to allow roads to be built across the reservation and had to apprehend any runaway slaves or other fugitives and return them to United States jurisdiction.
 
 
 
 
The treaty had given the Seminoles three years to move west of the Mississippi. The government interpreted the three years as starting in 1832, and expected the Seminoles to move in 1835. Fort King, in what is now Ocala was reopened in 1834. A new Seminole agent, Wiley Thompson, was appointed in 1834, and the task of persuading the Seminoles to move fell to him. He called the chiefs together at Fort King in October 1834 to talk to them about the removal to the west. The Seminoles informed Thompson that they had no intention of moving, and that they did not feel bound by the Treaty of Payne's Landing. Thompson then requested reinforcements for Fort King and Fort Brooke, reporting that, "the Indians after they had received the Annuity
Native Americans living in Florida from raiding into the United States, and harboring runaway slaves. Starting in 1810 the United States occupied and annexed parts of West Florida. In 1817 Andrew Jackson led an invasion of the Floridas, an incident known as the First Seminole War. The United States subsequently acquired Florida from Spain via the Adams-Onís Treaty and took possession in 1821. Now that Florida belonged to the United States, the Seminoles were again a problem for the government. In 1823 the government negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek with the Seminoles, establishing a reservation for them in the middle of the state. Six chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their
 
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States